Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the correlations between pain, dysfunction, musculoskeletal ultrasound (US), and radiological findings in patients with bilateral osteoarthritis (OA) knee.

Patients and methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study included a total of 130 patients aged >40 years with bilateral OA knee and no history of trauma, inflammatory, or infective conditions of the knee, intraarticular interventions, and surgery between April 2021 and August 2022. Knee pain and dysfunction were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Musculoskeletal US evaluation (osteophytes, articular cartilage thickness, medial meniscal protrusion, Baker’s cyst, synovial hypertrophy, and effusion) and radiological assessment with Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading were performed.

Results: Of a total of 130 patients, 100 were female and 30 were male with a mean age of 55.2±8.4 (range, 41 to 78) years. The mean VAS score was 7.3±1.3 and the mean WOMAC score was 74.36±11.67. Both VAS and WOMAC scores increased with the severity of radiological findings (K-L grading) (p<0.001). The presence of osteophytes, articular cartilage thickness, and medial meniscal protrusion at musculoskeletal US examination was strongly and positively correlated with K-L grading (p<0.001) and also with VAS score and WOMAC score (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Our study results indicate a positive correlation between pain, dysfunction, musculoskeletal US, and radiological findings in patients with bilateral knee OA. These findings suggest that musculoskeletal US may provide valuable complementary data to conventional radiography in evaluating pain-related structural pathology in knee OA.

Citation:
Sherin S, Neyaz O, Yadav RK, Saran S. Correlation between functional score, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings in patients with osteoarthritic knee: A cross-sectional study. Arch ISPRM 2026;1(1):80-91. https://doi.org/10.5606/ archisprm.2026.11.

O.N.: Conceptualization, methodology, draft preparation, validation, formal analysis, critical review; S.S.: Data curation, original draft preparation, review literature; R.Y.: Data curation, supervision, materials; S.S.: Data curation, review literature.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not‑for‑profit sectors.

Data Availability
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

AI Disclosure
The authors declare that artificial intelligence (AI) tools were not used, or were used solely for language editing, and had no role in data analysis, interpretation, or the formulation of conclusions. All scientific content, data interpretation, and conclusions are the sole responsibility of the authors. The authors further confirm that AI tools were not used to generate, fabricate, or ‘hallucinate’ references, and that all references have been carefully verified for accuracy.